El valor de la acupuntura en la práctica de la medicina tradicional complementaria en el sector salud de México / The value of acupuncture in the practice of complementary traditional medicine in Mexico's health sector

Introduction: Complementary traditional medicine acquires an essential value from the diversity and pluralism of care and therapy. In this logic, it is up to people to search for alternatives when it comes to caring for and improving their own health. Specifically, acupuncture has had rapid growth, largely due to processes derived from globalization, migration and cultural exchange, which in some way force countries to modify their health system towards one that takes into account the transculturality of its population and treatment preferences. Development: With the establishment of a comprehensive health model, physicians can assess the person as a homeodynamic process (information exchange process between environment and man, to keep an internal and external homeostasis to the individual) and pandimensional (spiritual and energetic care) that allows to identify the health problem's origin and thus determine an intervention more in line with the person's needs during the health-disease, life-death processes, with the corresponding conventional or non-conventional therapy. Conclusions: The value and interest of acupuncture in the population derives from the degree of development of a country, its origin and the incorporation of the West as part of the diagnostic and therapeutic arsenal, in order to respond to the population needs by incorporating low-cost complementary treatments with proven effectiveness, without ceasing to consider its unquestionable cultural heritage.

Introducción: la medicina tradicional complementaria adquiere un valor imprescindible desde la diversidad y el pluralismo de la asistencia y la terapéutica. En esa lógica, corresponde a las personas la búsqueda social de alternativas cuando se trata de atender y mejorar la propia salud. En específico la acupuntura ha tenido un rápido crecimiento, en gran parte debido a la globalización, la migración y el intercambio cultural, que de alguna forma obligan a los países a modificar su sistema de salud hacia uno que tome en cuenta la transculturalidad de su población y las preferencias de tratamiento. Desarrollo: con el establecimiento de un modelo de salud integral, los médicos pueden valorar a la persona como un proceso homeodinámico (intercambio de información entre el ambiente y el hombre para mantener una homeostasis interna y externa del individuo) y pandimensional (cuidado espiritual y energético) que permita identificar el origen real del problema de salud y determinar una intervención más acorde a las necesidades de la persona durante los procesos de salud-enfermedad, de vida-muerte, con la terapia convencional o no convencional que corresponda. Conclusiones: el valor e interés de la acupuntura en la población se deriva del grado de desarrollo de un país, de su origen y de la incorporación de occidente como parte del arsenal diagnóstico y terapéutico, para responder a las necesidades de la población al incorporar tratamientos complementarios de bajo costo y con efectividad demostrada, y sin dejar de considerar su herencia cultural incuestionable.

Producción científica en Scopus sobre el uso de ayahuasca en la salud humana: Estudio Bibliométrico

Introducción: La ayahuasca (también llamada huasca, oasca, caapi o yagé) es un brebaje de uso tradicional, con efectos psicoactivos de interés en la salud humana. Esta situación crea la necesidad de generar conocimiento científico para identificar vacíos en el conocimiento y prioridades en investigación. Objetivo: Describir la producción científica sobre el uso de ayahuasca en seres humanos publicada en revistas indizadas en Scopus hasta octubre del 2021. Métodos: Estudio bibliométrico de bases de datos secundarias. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de información en Scopus de publicaciones científicas sobre el uso de Ayahuasca en problemas de salud. Se recolectó información sobre el año de publicación, idioma de publicación, áreas de conocimiento estudiadas, diseños de investigación involucrados, revista de publicación, proporciones de colaboración internacional, redes de colaboración interinstitucional, redes de coautoría, citas por documento y se describieron a los autores más productivos. Resultados: La tendencia de publicaciones fue creciente desde el 2012. El 36,8% de investigaciones se basaron en diseños observacionales. El promedio de citas por artículo fue 6,1 y el promedio de citas por año fue 3,9. Todas las publicaciones de Suiza, China, Nueva Zelanda y Perú tuvieron colaboración internacional; con cuatro conglomerados de cooperación. Conclusión: La producción científica sobre el uso de ayahuasca en la salud tiene una tendencia creciente, con preferencia en diseños observacionales, con una alta presencia de colaboración internacional y redes de colaboración institucional y de autores.

Introduction: Ayahuasca (also called huasca, oasca, caapi or yagé) is a concoction of traditional use, with psychoactive effects of interest in human health. This situation creates the need to generate scientific knowledge to identify gaps in knowledge and research priorities. Objective: To describe the impact of scientific production on the use of Ayahuasca in human health published in journals indexed in Scopus until October 2021. Methods: Bibliometric study of secondary databases. A systematic search of information was carried out in Scopus, in order to identify original articles that investigated the use of Ayahuasca in health problems. Information was collected on the year of publication, language of publication, areas of knowledge studied, research designs involved, journal of publication, proportions of international collaboration, inter-institutional collaboration networks, co-authorship networks, citations per document and the authors were described. more productive. Results: The trend of publications has been increasing since 2012. 36.8% of investigations were based on observational designs; with an average number of citations per article of 6.1 and an average number of citations per year of 3.9. All publications from Switzerland, China, New Zealand and Peru had international collaboration; with four cooperation conglomerates. Conclusion: The scientific production on the use of Ayahuasca in health has a growing trend, preferably in observational designs, with high international collaboration and institutional collaboration networks and authors.

PEST analysis and countermeasure research on the development of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Lancang Mekong area / 国际中医中药杂志

This paper uses PEST analysis method to analyze the macro environment of the development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the Lancang-Mekong area. China has stable political relations with the other five countries in the Lancang-Mekong area, and governments attach great importance to TCM. TCM can reduce the economic burden of patients in the Mekong countries, and the five countries have extensive market. The Mekong countries recognize traditional medicine, and their local cultures and customs are similar to China. The medical level and pharmaceutical technology of TCM have advantages in the Mekong countries, and the registration standards of TCM and TCM practitioners are friendly. However, TCM also faces problems such as limited scale, insufficient service capacity, lack of policy guarantee and insufficient talents in the Mekong countries.Therefore, it is suggested to rely on intergovernmental cooperation to further tap the development potential of TCM in the Mekong countries; take advantage of overseas Chinese groups to promote the development of TCM; encourage enterprises to enter and expand the market of TCM; and actively cultivate international TCM talents.

Blessing as a health resource: cross-sectional study with elderly residents of rural areas / Benzeção como recurso em saúde: estudo transversal com idosos moradores de área rural

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the search for folk healers for the treatment of health problems among elderly living in the rural area of the city of Rio Grande-RS. METHODS Cross-sectional, p opulation-based study with random sampling, carried out in 2017. The outcome was analyzed in three categories (never used/used in the last 12 months/used for more than 12 months). Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze theassociated factors. RESULTS A total of 1,030 elderly individuals were interviewed. The prevalence of demand for folk healers in the last 12 months and for more than 12 months was 9.5% and 15.8%, respectively. In the adjusted analysis, the characteristics associated with the use of a folk healer for more than 12 months were: being in the age group of 80 years or more and having back problems and arthrosis. Following the evangelical religion was identified as a protective factor for using this resource. On the other hand, the demand for blessing in the last year was related to the age group of 70-79 years, following spiritual religions, presence of disease in the last 12 months, back problems and arthrosis, and preference for the use of urgency and emergency services. Being female was associated only with the use for more than 12 months. CONCLUSION This study brings an original contribution to a topic poorly evaluated in epidemiological studies, because the knowledge of the frequency and determinants of the search for this type of popular therapy can be used to improve the quality and access to health services offered to the elderly population in rural areas.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados à procura de benzedeiras para tratamento de problemas de saúde entre idosos residentes na área rural do município do Rio Grande-RS. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal, de base populacional com amostragem aleatória, realizado no ano de 2017. O desfecho foi analisado em três categorias (nunca usou/usou nos últimos 12 meses/usou há mais de 12 meses). Para análise dos fatores associados foi utilizada regressão logística multinomial. RESULTADOS Foram entrevistados 1.030 idosos. As prevalências da procura por benzedeira nos últimos 12 meses e há mais de 12 meses foram de 9,5% e 15,8%, respectivamente. Na análise ajustada, as características associadas à utilização de benzedeira há mais de 12 meses foram: estar na faixa etária de 80 anos ou mais e ter problemas de coluna e artrose. Seguir a religião evangélica foi identificado como fator de proteção para a utilização desse recurso. Já a procura por benzedeira no último ano esteve relacionada com a faixa etária dos 70-79 anos, seguir religiões espiritualistas, presença de doença nos últimos 12 meses, problemas na coluna e artrose e preferência por utilização de serviços de urgência e emergência. Sexo feminino permaneceu associado apenas à utilização há mais de 12 meses. CONCLUSÃO Este estudo traz uma contribuição original a um tema pouco avaliado em estudos epidemiológicos, pois o conhecimento da frequência e dos determinantes da busca por esse tipo de terapia popular, pode ser utilizado para melhorar a qualidade e o acesso aos serviços de saúde oferecidos à população idosa de áreas rurais.

Racionalidades Médicas: avaliação de componente optativo na formação médica / Medical rationalities: evaluation of optional component in medical training

Resumo: Introdução: A superação da crise mundial do paradigma biomédico tem promovido a inserção de medicinas tradicionais nos sistemas públicos de saúde de muitos países. O Brasil é vanguarda desse movimento e, a partir do lançamento da Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em 2006, insere oficialmente práticas na atenção à saúde ofertada pelo SUS. Entretanto, a baixa qualificação nessa área dos profissionais que atendem ao SUS tem dificultado a resolubilidade dos serviços. Um dos grandes desafios é a formação de profissionais sensíveis a práticas de saúde provenientes de outras culturas e com paradigma vitalista. A hipótese do estudo é que a inserção de conteúdo sócio-histórico-epistemológico de Racionalidades Médicas no período formativo pode introduzir uma efetiva articulação entre diferentes medicinas, saberes e práticas, promovendo integração do saber convencional com outras culturas em saúde. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o interesse dos acadêmicos pelo tema, pouco reconhecido nos cursos de Medicina do Brasil, mas crescentemente valorizado e incorporado na educação médica de muitos países. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem mista. A análise qualitativa de delineamento exploratório-descritivo foi organizada mediante exploração dos dados coletados com perguntas abertas aplicadas aos acadêmicos no primeiro dia de aula e ao final do curso, com respostas manuscritas. A análise quantitativa de delineamento transversal foi feita por meio de informações coletadas em questionário fechado, aplicado no último dia de aula. Resultado: Considerando as questões apresentadas aos estudantes no início e ao final da oferta do componente, as expectativas foram superadas, sendo muito bem avaliado ao término. Os participantes do estudo demonstraram interesse em novos conhecimentos no período formativo. As análises permitem afirmar que inserir esse tema aguça a reflexão crítica sobre os paradigmas, mesmo sendo apresentado de forma vertical, pontual e de caráter informativo no contexto do curso estudado. Ficou demonstrado que, na percepção dos estudantes, há grande interesse na inclusão de disciplinas que abordem esse campo científico. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstra que, na realidade do curso pesquisado, há boas perspectivas de integração e complementaridade de novos saberes e práticas de saúde na formação médica.

Abstract: Introduction: Overcoming the global crisis of the biomedical paradigm has promoted the insertion of Traditional Medicine in public health systems in many countries. Brazil is at the forefront of this movement, and since the launch of the National Policy on Integrative and Complementary Practices in 2006, it has officially included practices in the health care offered by the SUS. However, low qualification in this area of the professionals who work for the SUS, has hindered the levels of resolution in these services. One of the major challenges is training professionals who would be sensitive to health practices from other cultures and follow a vitalist paradigm. The study hypothesis is that the inclusion of socio-historical-epistemological content of Medical Rationalities during professional training can introduce an effective articulation between different medicines, promoting integrated knowledge. Objective: To assess the interest of academics in the topic, which carries little recognition in medical courses in Brazil but has been increasingly valued and incorporated into medical education in many countries. Method: This is a mixed-approach study. The qualitative analysis was organized by exploring the data collected with open-ended questions applied to students on the first day of classes and at the end of the course. The cross-sectional analysis was performed using information collected in a closed questionnaire applied to students. Result: Considering the questions presented to students at the beginning and the end of the component, expectations were exceeded, with very high assessment levels achieved at the end. The study participants showed interest in new knowledge in the training period. The analyses allow us to assert that including this theme sharpens critical reflection on the paradigms, even though it is presented vertically, punctually, and with an informative character, in the context of the course. There was great interest from participants in disciplines that addressed this scientific field. Conclusion: There are good prospects for the integration and complementarity of new knowledge and health practices in medical education in the reality of the studied course.

Propuesta de metodología para el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de la medicina natural y tradicional en Pediatría / Methodological proposal for the teaching-learning process of Natural and Traditional Medicine in Pediatrics

RESUMEN Introducción: el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de medicina natural y tradicional en la especialidad de pediatría de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río, responde a la necesidad de formar profesionales de la salud con elevado nivel científico. Objetivo: elaborar una metodología para el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la medicina natural y tradicional en la especialidad de pediatría, para el tratamiento de las enfermedades en el niño. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo, se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos. Resultados: la metodología propuesta se estructuró en etapas: planificación y organización del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la medicina natural y tradicional en la especialidad de pediatría, ejecución del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la medicina natural y tradicional con la participación activa del residente de pediatría y control del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la medicina natural y tradicional sustentada en las relaciones entre las competencias profesionales y las formas de educación en trabajo como rectoras en la formación de los especialistas en pediatría, para potenciar y fomentar el dominio de las acciones y operaciones conformadoras del modo de actuación para el ejercicio de la profesión para un mejor desempeño profesional. Conclusiones: la puesta en práctica de la metodología permitirá fortalecer el desempeño profesional de los pediatras en formación, en la aplicación de la medicina natural y tradicional.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the teaching-learning process of Natural and Traditional Medicine in the specialty of pediatrics at Pinar del Rio University of Medical Sciences, responds to the need of training healthcare professionals with a high scientific level. Objective: to formulate a methodology for the teaching-learning process of Natural and Traditional Medicine in the specialty of pediatrics, for the treatment of diseases in childhood. Methods: a developmental research was carried out, using theoretical and empirical methods. Results: the proposed methodology was structured in stages: planning and organization of the teaching-learning process of Natural and Traditional Medicine in the specialty of pediatrics, the implementation of the teaching-learning process of Natural and Traditional Medicine with the active participation of the residents in pediatrics and the control of the teaching-learning process for the mastering of Natural and Traditional Medicine, supported on the relations between professional competences and the structure of in-service education as a guiding method for the training of specialists in pediatrics, in order to promote and encourage the mastery of actions and operations in agreement with the mode of acting for the exercise of the profession, and as a result it can be materialized in a better professional performance. Conclusions: the implementation of the methodology will allow strengthening the professional performance of future pediatricians concerning the application of Natural and Traditional Medicine.

Dengzhan shengmai capsule combined with donepezil hydrochloride in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: preliminary findings, randomized and controlled clinical trial

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Dengzhan Shengmai capsule combined with donepezil hydrochloride on cognitive function, daily living ability, and safety in patients with Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: A total of 294 patients with Alzheimer's disease were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, 147 cases each group. The control group was given oral donepezil hydrochloride 5 mg once a day, and the treatment group was given oral Dengzhan Shengmai capsule 0.36 g three times a day, based on the control group. RESULTS: At 3 and 6 months of treatment, the ADAS-cog score of the treatment group was 48.69±6.23 and 44.24±5.53; for the control group, 45.48±5.94 and 41.57±5.10. The difference between the two groups is statistically significant (p<0.05). At 3 and 6 months of treatment, the NO level in the treatment group was (46.28±6.68) umol/l, (43.55±7.92) umol/l, and the control group was (42.95±7.92) umol/l, (38.89±5.93) umol/l. The differences between both groups were statistically significant (p<0.05). At 3 and 6 months of treatment, ET levels in the treatment group were (156.08±17.39) ng/l, (144.91±17.60) ng/l, and the control group was (150.48±22.94) ng/l, (135.04±10.08) ng/l. Correlation analysis showed that ADAS-cog score was negatively correlated with NO and ET (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Dengzhan Shengmai capsule combined with donepezil hydrochloride can improve cognitive function and the living capacity of patients with Alzheimer's disease, reduce the production of neurotoxic substances NO and ET, and provide higher safety.

Horta medicinal na saúde da família: resgatando saberes e sentidos das plantas medicinais - relato de experiência / Medicinal vegetable garden in Family Health: rescuing the knowledge and senses of medicinal plants - an experience repor

Objetivo: Descrever a experiência da implantação de uma horta medicinal em uma Unidade de Saúde de um município baiano. Método: relato de experiência da implantação em 3 etapas: reuniões de planejamento, realização de oficinas e a implantação da horta. Resultados e Discussão: As oficinas evidenciaram práticas inseguras relacionadas ao uso de plantas medicinais concomitante com medicamentos alopáticos e substituição do fármaco pelo tratamento com as plantas. Conclusão: a implantação da horta possibilitou a discussão entre a comunidade e os profissionais da unidade sobre o uso de plantas medicinais trazendo a reflexão sobre o resgate de saberes e sentidos das plantas medicinais.

Objective: To describe the experience of implementing a medicinal vegetable garden in a Health Unit in a municipality in Bahia. Method: Experience report of the implementation in 3 stages: planning meetings, holding workshops and setting up the vegetable garden. Results and Discussion: the workshops highlighted unsafe practices related to the use of medicinal plants by users, as well as concomitant use with allopathic drugs and substitution of the drug by treatment with the plants. Conclusion: The implementation of the garden made possible the discussion between the community and the professionals of the unit about the use of medicinal plants bringing the reflection on the rescue of knowledge and senses of medicinal plants.

Equity, intercultural approaches, and access to information on traditional, complementary, and integrative medicines in the Americas / Equidad, abordajes interculturales y acceso a la información sobre las medicinas tradicionales, complementarias e integrativas en las Américas / Equidade, abordagens interculturais e acesso a informações sobre medicinas tradicionais, complementares e integrativas nas Américas

ABSTRACT Access to information and intercultural approaches in the field of health are essential for the elimination of inequities in health access and care. Intercultural models such as traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine (TCIM) are an important part of health care in most countries and often contribute to expanding access to primary health care. Despite legal recognition and policies to integrate TCIM into health systems, their contribution to health, well-being, and people-centered care to achieve universal health is still underestimated. This article presents the progress (2017-2020) achieved by the Virtual Health Library specialized in the TCIM (VHL TCIM Americas), an initiative created as a tool to reduce the gaps in the production and access to validated information on TCIM. Through collaborative network work, VHL TCIM Americas contributes to the democratization of health, access to verified scientific data, visibility of non-conventional knowledge, strengthening of research capacities, and exchange of experiences for informed decision-making.

RESUMEN El acceso a la información y los abordajes interculturales en el ámbito de la salud son esenciales para la eliminación de inequidades en el acceso a los servicios de salud y la atención sanitaria. Los modelos interculturales, como las medicinas tradicionales, complementarias e integrativas (MTCI) son una parte importante del cuidado de la salud en la mayoría de los países y frecuentemente contribuyen a ampliar el acceso a la atención primaria de salud. A pesar del reconocimiento legal y de la existencia de políticas para la integración de las MTCI en los sistemas de salud, aún se subestima su contribución a la salud, el bienestar y la atención de la salud centrada en las personas para alcanzar la salud universal. En este artículo se presentan los avances (2017-2020) alcanzados por la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud especializada en las MTCI (BVS MTCI Américas), iniciativa creada como herramienta para disminuir las brechas en la producción y el acceso a la información validada sobre las MTCI. Mediante el trabajo colaborativo en red, la BVS MTCI Américas contribuye a la democratización de la salud, el acceso a datos científicos verificados disponibles, la visibilización de conocimientos no convencionales, el fortalecimiento de capacidades de investigación y el intercambio de experiencias para la toma informada de decisiones.

RESUMO O acesso à informação e as abordagens interculturais no setor da saúde são essenciais para eliminar as desigualdades no acesso aos serviços de saúde. Os modelos interculturais, como as medicinas tradicionais, complementares e integrativas (MTCI), são uma parte importante da atenção à saúde na maioria dos países e frequentemente contribuem para ampliar o acesso à atenção primária. Apesar do reconhecimento legal e da existência de políticas para a integração das MTCI nos sistemas de saúde, a sua contribuição para a saúde, o bem-estar e a atenção centrada nas pessoas para alcançar a saúde universal ainda é subestimada. Este artigo apresenta o progresso (de 2017 a 2020) alcançado pela Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde especializada em MTCI (BVS MTCI Américas), uma iniciativa criada como ferramenta para reduzir as disparidades na produção e no acesso a informações validadas sobre as MTCI. Realizando um trabalho colaborativo em rede, a BVS MTCI Américas contribui para a democratização da saúde, o acesso a dados científicos verificados, a visibilidade dos conhecimentos não convencionais, o fortalecimento das capacidades de pesquisa e a troca de experiências para a tomada de decisões bem informada.

Development status and strategy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tunisia / 国际中医中药杂志

China and Tunisia have frequent exchanges and good relationship. Tunisia has the largest medical center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) among Africa and Arab countries. The development of TCM in Tunisia has shown great potential. By searching the information and legal regulations of the Ministry of health of Tunisia, the West Asia and Africa Department of the Ministry of Commerce of China and the business office of the Chinese Embassy in Tunisia, this paper studies the development status, legislation and drug access, bilateral cooperation, market potential and risks of TCM in Tunisia. It is found that acupuncture and massage are widely used in Tunisia. However, Tunisia has strict control over the sources of TCM. It is proposed that the future development of TCM in Tunisia should be based on the advantages of good relations between China and Tunisia, obtain both government support, take acupuncture and massage as a pioneer, promote TCM, encourage and develop TCM industry.

Investigation of herbal medicine resources in Laos / 国际中医中药杂志

This paper collects information on the species resources of medicinal plants in Laos through various methods such as literature collation and analysis, sample line survey, visits and surveys, and initially obtains the medicinal plant resources in Laos, the use of folk herbs, and traditional medicine knowledge archives. It is found that Laos is rich with wild medicinal plant resources. There are 2 165 species (including varieties) belonging to 1 014 genera of 214 families, including 57 species belonging to 40 genera of 29 families of ferns, 32 species belonging to 17 genera of 8 families of gymnosperms, and 2 076 species belonging to 957 genera of 177 families of angiosperms. And, there are 108 kinds of medicinal materials currently circulatingin the market. Herbal resources is widely used in Laos, and many fresh herbs in the market have the special effects of relieving cough and promoting salivation, eliminating dampness, dispelling summer heat, nourishing yin and cooling blood.The medicinal materials for alleviating rheumatism and strengthening waist and knees in the market are with good prospects for development and utilization, so the development and management should be strengthened. China and Laos can conduct in-depth research and strengthen experience exchanges on traditional medicine experience.

Inter-relações no cuidado com as plantas medicinais - "vem de berço" / Interrelaciones en el cuidado con las plantas medicinales - "viene de la cuna" / Interrelations in the care with medicinal plants - "it comes from the cradle"

Resumo: O trabalho teve como objetivo descrever as inter-relações de pessoas que realizam o cuidado em saúde com plantas medicinais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, descritiva e etnobotânica que utilizou a Teoria Sistêmica como referencial teórico. Foram entrevistadas seis pessoas referência no cuidado em saúde com plantas medicinais no primeiro semestre de 2018. Os dados foram organizados pelo programa WebQDA qualitative data analysis e foi realizada a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. São apresentados resultados relacionados a origem do saber sobre o cuidado com plantas medicinais e também acerca da inter-relação social como forma de transmissão de conhecimento. O saber é adquirido na família, por cursos ou, é entendido como um dom. Os informantes transmitem seus saberes em diferentes contextos sociais conforme a disposição de suas inter-relações. Conclui-se que diferentes inter-relações individual, social e ambiental originam diferentes formas de cuidado em saúde com plantas medicinais e seus saberes associados.

Resumen: Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo describir las interrelaciones de personas que realizan el cuidado en salud con plantas medicinales. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, exploratoria, descriptiva y etnobotánica que utilizó la Teoría Sistémica como referencial teórico. Fueron entrevistadas seis personas referencia en el cuidado en salud con plantas medicinales en el primer semestre de 2018. Las informaciones fueron organizadas por el programa WebQDA qualitative data analysis y fue realizado el análisis de contenido de Bardin. Son presentados resultados relacionados al origen del conocimiento sobre el cuidado con plantas medicinales y también acerca de la interrelación social como forma de transmisión de conocimiento. El conocimiento es adquirido en la familia, por cursos o es entendido como un don. Los informantes transmiten sus conocimientos en diferentes contextos sociales conforme la disposición de sus interrelaciones. Se concluye que diferentes interrelaciones individual, social y ambiental originan diferentes formas de cuidado en salud con plantas medicinales y sus conocimientos asociados.

Abstract: This study aims at describing the interrelations of people who carry out the health care with medicinal plants. It is a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and ethnobotany research which used the Systemic Theory as theoretical reference. Six people were interviewed as reference in the health care with medicinal plants in the first semester of 2018. The data were organized through the WebQDA qualitative data analysis program and it was carried out the Bardin content analysis. Results related to the origin of knowledge about care with medicinal plants are presented and also about the social interrelation as a form of transmission of knowledge. Knowledge is acquired in the family, through courses or, it is understood as a gift. The informers transmit their knowledge in different social contexts according to the disposition of their interrelations. It is concluded that different individual, social and environmental interrelations originate different forms of health care with medicinal plants and their knowledge associated.

Conocimiento sobre saberes populares del personal sanitario del Servicio Desconcentrado Hospital Universitario Pediátrico Dr. Agustin Zubillaga / Knoledge on popular beliefs of medical staff of the service desconcentrado Hospital Universitario Pediátrico Dr. Agustín Zubillaga

Este estudio se sustentó en el paradigma cuantitativo orientado bajo una investigación de tipo descriptivo cuyo propósito fue describir el conocimiento sobre saberes populares del personal sanitario que labora en el Servicio de Atención Médica Inmediata del Servicio Desconcentrado Hospital Universitario Pediátrico Dr. Agustín Zubillaga. La muestra estuvo conformada por 10 médicos y 8 enfermeras a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta a través de un cuestionario con escala tipo Likert el cual fue validado por la técnica de juicio de expertos. Los resultados indican que los encuestados manifiestan una tendencia positiva en cuanto a que a la consulta llegan pacientes cuyas madres usan las creencias y costumbres de sus ancestros para tratar las enfermedades que padecen, respetando y reconociendo el saber popular que poseen las madres de los pacientes. Existe una tendencia negativa en la utilización de los saberes populares en la práctica médica, así como en la combinación del saber popular y el saber científico para tratar la enfermedad y en la posibilidad de integrar de manera pedagógica los saberes populares en la educación para la salud. Por otra parte expresan una marcada tendencia positiva en cuanto a que las madres utilizan los saberes populares por sus condiciones socioeconómicas y en el hecho de que la educación o valores recibidos por ellas influyen en el uso de dichas creencias; de igual forma, la mayoría expresa una tendencia positiva en que las creencias y costumbres maternales puedan generar intoxicaciones en los pacientes y una tendencia negativa en su habilidad para curar la enfermedad(AU)

This study was based on a quantitative paradigm oriented under descriptive field research. The purpose of this study was to describe knowledge on popular beliefs of patient's parents of the medical staff who work in the Servicio de Atención Médica Inmediata of the Servicio Desconcentrado Hospital Universitario Pediátrico Dr. Agustín Zubillaga. The sample consisted of 10 doctors and 8 nurses who were given a Likert-scale questionnaire which was validated by the expert judgment technique. The results demonstrate that respondents show a positive view in regards to the fact that patients mothers with beliefs and customs of their ancestors attend the consult, respecting and recognizing their popular belief system; there is a negative view in the use of popular beliefs in medical practice, combination of popular and scientific knowledge and the possibility of integration of popular beliefs into health education. On the other hand, they express a marked positive view in regards to the use of popular belief based on socioeconomic conditions and that the education or values received by them influence the use of these beliefs; similarly, most respondents express a positive view in relation to beliefs and customs leading to poisoning in patients and a negative view in the possibility that these beliefs cure disease(AU)

De curandis hominum morbis: una receta médica del siglo XVIII para el sarampión y las viruelas en el Nuevo Reino de Granada / De curandis hominum morbis: An 18th century medical prescription for measles and smallpox in the Nuevo Reino de Granada

En el Archivo Histórico de la Biblioteca "Octavio Arizmendi Posada" de la Universidad de La Sabana, se encuentra una colección de más de un centenar de recetas médicas de finales del siglo XVIII donadas por el presbítero Cipriano Rodríguez Santa María, epónimo institucional del archivo. Estos textos son un legado histórico médico y un fundamento para comprender la terapéutica colonial y tradicional de diversas enfermedades. En este artículo, se describen algunas recetas para el tratamiento de la viruela y el sarampión, como aporte a la historia de la medicina en Colombia.

A collection of more than one hundred medical recipes from the late 18th century was donated by Presbyter Cipriano Rodríguez Santa María, institutional eponym of the collection at the Historical Archive "Octavio Arizmendi Posada" of the library of the Universidad de La Sabana in Colombia. These texts represent an important historical and medical legacy and they constitute an important basis for understanding the colonial and traditional therapeutics related to various diseases. In this article, we describe one of these recipes for the treatment of smallpox and measles as a contribution to the history of medicine in Colombia.

A benzedura nos territórios da Estratégia Saúde da Família: percepções de trabalhadores, usuários e benzedores / Healing blessing in territories of the Family Health Strategy: perceptions of workers, users and healers

RESUMO Vinculada à cultura brasileira, a benzedura é uma linguagem simbólica relevante e diferencial no papel de escuta e cuidado. O estudo teve por objetivo capturar os impactos da benzedura nos territórios da Estratégia Saúde da Família em município mineiro e analisar a relação entre os componentes do campo religioso e do campo médico-científico. Trata-se de estudo descritivo e exploratório, de natureza qualitativa, aprovado por comitê de ética. Realizaram-se 35 entrevistas semiestruturadas e empregou-se a análise temática para sua interpretação. Como aporte teórico, tomou-se o pensamento de Pierre Bourdieu sobre a disputa entre os campos de saber. Emergiram três categorias: Representações sobre a prática; Saúde e religiosidade/espiritualidade; Relações com a benzedura. A prática da benzedura é enxergada como parte da cultura. Destacou-se o seu impacto no resgate da dimensão subjetiva do cuidado, atuando na escuta, apoio, conforto, fortalecimento e desmedicalização. Consorciada à medicina, é ajuda adicional que enseja trabalhar a totalidade. A relação entre campo religioso e campo médico-científico por meio da benzedura propicia a diluição do conflito. Esta pesquisa propulsionará outros estudos na temática de terapias populares e produção de saúde e cuidado, bem como sobre a relação entre saúde e Religiosidade/Espiritualidade.

ABSTRACT The traditional practice of healing blessing (benzedura) existing within the Brazilian culture is a relevant symbolic expression and a differential in the role of listening and caring. This study aimed to capture the impacts of this practice in territories attended by the Family Health Strategy in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, analyzing the relationship between the components of religious and medical-scientific fields. This is a descriptive exploratory study involving a qualitative approach, approved by an Ethics Committee. Data were collected through 35 semi-structured interviews, using the thematic analysis for interpretation. The theoretical framework draws on the thought of Pierre Bourdieu on the dispute between fields of knowledge. Three categories emerged: Representations of the practice; Health and Religiosity/Spirituality; Relationship with healing blessing. The study highlighted the impact of blessing in the rescue of the subjective dimension of care, working on listening, support, comfort, strengthening and demedicalization. Associated to medicine, blessing means additional help that entails working the human being in his/her totality. The relationship between religious and medical-scientific fields mediated by blessing points to a dilution of the conflict. This research will propel other studies on popular therapies and health and care production, as well as on the relationship between health and Religiosity/Spirituality.

Salud intercultural y el modelo de salud propio indígena / Intercultural health and the indigenous health model

RESUMEN La población indígena tiene condiciones de vida inferiores al resto, reflejadas en mayor morbilidad y mortalidad a pesar de la cobertura del Sistema de Salud. Por ello, es importante conocer las causas de estas diferencias. Para esto, se hace uso de la interculturalidad como puente entre la cultura occidental y la cultura indígena. En este encuentro de saberes se identifica el modelo de salud indígena como respuesta cultural a la necesidad de mantener la salud y tratar la enfermedad, un modelo organizado jerárquicamente en el que la salud del individuo depende además de sus hábitos, de la armonía con la naturaleza, el espíritu, los dioses y su comunidad. Este modelo había sido menospreciado hasta hace poco tiempo por la comunidad científica; pero, gracias a los estudios en interculturalidad, se sabe que la salud también debe ser intercultural y que las políticas públicas deben incluirla para poder obtener los resultados esperados en la comunidad objetivo. Para hacer realidad estas políticas públicas debe haber voluntad y agenda política, una adecuada estructura en los servicios de salud y formación de los profesionales de la salud en interculturalidad desde sus estudios técnicos, tecnológicos, profesionales y de posgrado. Esas políticas públicas deben contener: capacitación, empleo de la lengua indígena local, alimentación y equipamiento con elementos tradicionales, diálogo respetuoso con los médicos tradicionales, atención humanizada, entre otros. Así se brinda una atención en salud de calidad que respeta las diferencias culturales de toda la población.(AU)

ABSTRACT The indigenous population has lower living conditions reflected in higher morbidity and mortality despite the coverage of the Health System, so it is important to know the causes of these differences. For this, Interculturality is used as a bridge between western culture and indigenous culture. In this meeting of knowledge, the indigenous health model is identified as a cultural response to the need to maintain health and treat disease, a hierarchically organized model in which the health of the individual also depends on their habits, on harmony with nature, the spirit, the gods and their community. Until recently, this model had been undervalued by the scientific community, but thanks to studies in Interculturality, it is known that health must also be intercultural and that public policies must include it in order to obtain the expected results in the target community. To make these public policies a reality, there must be a will and a political agenda, an adequate structure in the health services and training of health professionals in interculturality from their technical, technological, professional and postgraduate studies. These public policies must contain training, use of the local indigenous language, food and equipment with traditional elements, respectful dialogue with traditional doctors, humanized care, among others. This provides quality health care that is respectful of cultural differences to the entire population.(AU)

Referencia de los usos medicinales del chuchuhuasi (Maytenus macrocarpa) por curanderos del distrito de Santa María de Huachipa, Lurigancho, Lima - Perú: un estudio cualitativo / Information on medicinal uses of chuchuhuasi (Maytenus macrocarpa) from folk healers of the district of Santa María de Huachipa, Lurigancho, Lima - Peru: a qualitative study

RESUMEN Objetivo Indagar acerca de las principales indicaciones, propiedades y formas de uso del chuchuhuasi referidas por un grupo de curanderos de Santa María de Huachipa (Lima-Perú). Existen antecedentes de estudios de los usos medicinales del chuchuhuasi (Maytenus macrocarpa) en comunidades nativas de la Amazonía, tanto por el poblador como por indicación del terapeuta tradicional; sin embargo, las referencias del uso y propiedad medicinal del chuchuhuasi en la costa, y en la comunidad urbana son escasas. Materiales y métodos Diez curanderos participaron de forma voluntaria. Se aplicó un cuestionario (mediante entrevista) que indagó acerca del uso del chuchuhuasi (propiedades, efectos adversos, contraindicaciones y formas farmacéuticas). La participación se registró con videograbaciones y luego se transcribió; posteriormente, los datos se categorizaron mediante pares y se definieron por consenso. Resultados Las principales indicaciones de consumo de chuchuhuasi fueron los problemas respiratorios (80,00 %) y osteotendinosos. Las propiedades antiinflamatorias y afrodisíacas fueron las más relevantes; y como efecto adverso se reportó el mareo. El producto estaba contraindicado en gestantes, hipertensos y diabéticos. Además, las principales formas farmacéuticas de consumo fueron el macerado, la pomada y la infusión. Conclusiones Se encontró la referencia del uso del chuchuhuasi en un grupo de curanderos del distrito de Santa María de Huachipa (Lima-Perú). La indicación más importante de su empleo son los problemas respiratorios y se destaca su propiedad antinflamatoria.

ABSTRACT Objective To inquire the main conditions, properties and ways of consumption of chuchuhuasi from a group of folk healers of the district of Santa María de Huachipa (Lima - Peru). There are studies of the medicinal uses of chuchuhuasi (Maytenus macrocarpa) in native communities of the Amazon known by the inhabitants and indicated by folk healers. However, information on the medicinal uses and properties of chuchuhuasi on the coast and in urban communities is rare. Materials and methods Ten folk healers voluntarily participated in the study. An interview questionnaire was administered to inquire the use of chuchuhuasi (properties, adverse effects, contraindications and ways of consumption). The interview was recorded and then transcribed. Afterwards, the data was categorized by peers and defined by consensus. Results: The main conditions for consuming chuchuhuasi were respiratory tract (80 %) and osteotendinous junction problems. The most important properties of chuchuhuasi were its anti-inflammatory and aphrodisiac effects. Dizziness was reported as adverse effect. Chuchuhuasi was contraindicated in pregnancy, hypertension and diabetes. In addition, its main ways of consumption were as spirit, ointment and infusion. Conclusions Information on the medicinal uses of chuchuhuasi was obtained from a group of folk healers of the district of Santa María de Huachipa (Lima - Peru). The main condition for consuming chuchuhuasi was respiratory tract problems, and its anti- inflammatory properties were highlighted.

Manipulación de lesiones en pacientes con leishmaniasis cutánea: serie de casos en un hospital peruano / Manipulation of cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions: case series in a peruvian hospital

RESUMEN En áreas endémicas de leishmaniasis cutánea es común que los pacientes manipulen sus lesiones con tratamientos tradicionales como primera opción terapéutica. Con el objetivo de describir la frecuencia y los cambios de la manipulación de lesiones de leishmaniasis cutánea de pacientes en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia, se realizó un estudio tipo serie de casos. Se incluyeron 124 pacientes con leishmaniasis cutánea. El 54% (67/124) manipuló sus lesiones; el 92,5% (62/67) lo hizo con productos químicos, y el 43,3% (29/67), con plantas. Los cambios locales más frecuentemente reportados por los pacientes fueron aumento de tamaño de la lesión en el 35,8% (24/67) e incremento de inflamación en el 28,4% (19/67). La manipulación disminuyó la positividad del diagnóstico parasitológico en aquellos pacientes con lesiones ulcerativas.

ABSTRACT In cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic areas it is a common practice for patients to manipulate their lesions with traditional treatments as a first therapeutic option. A case series study was conducted in order to describe the frequency and the variations of the patient manipulation of cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions at the Cayetano Heredia Hospital. The study included 124 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. From the patient population it was found that 54% (67/124) manipulated their lesions. Of this, 92.5% (62/67) did so with chemicals, and 43.3% (29/67) with plants. The most frequent local changes reported by patients were increased lesion size in 35.8% (24/67) and increased inflammation in 28.4% (19/67). Manipulation by patients decreased the positivity of the parasitological diagnosis in those patients with ulcerative lesions.

MEDINAT: software educativo para la enseñanza de Medicina Natural y Tradicional / MEDINAT: educational software for teaching Herbal and Folk Medicine

RESUMEN Fundamento: la Medicina Natural y Tradicional es una especialidad de perfil amplio, con enfoque científico, único y holístico, que emplea métodos, técnicas y procedimientos para la promoción de salud, prevención de las enfermedades, diagnóstico, tratamiento y rehabilitación, con sistemas médicos basados en métodos tradicionales y naturales, ancestrales o modernos. Objetivo: diseñar un software educativo para el aprendizaje de la Medicina Natural y Tradicional en estudiantes de las ciencias médicas. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo e innovación tecnológica durante el curso 2017-2018, en la Facultad de Medicina No.1 de Santiago de Cuba. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, análisis-síntesis y sistémico-estructural; empíricos para la recogida de la información, la valoración del producto por especialistas y usuarios y la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: el análisis documental facilitó la selección de los contenidos según los objetivos trazados para la confección del software; en su diseño se tuvieron en cuenta cuatro etapas; se seleccionó el Crheasoft versión 3.0 para su creación y se utilizó el Adobe Photoshop 10 para editar las imágenes. En su estructura contiene temario, mediateca, complementarios, ejercicios y glosario. Conclusiones: fue evaluado como Adecuado por los especialistas y de Bien por los usuarios según los aspectos técnicos, psicopedagógicos y comunicacionales, lo cual evidencia su calidad y pertinencia demostradas también en la efectividad del aprendizaje logrado con su aplicación.

ABSTRACT Background: Herbal and Folk Medicine is a wide profile specialty, with a scientific, unique and holistic approach, which uses methods, techniques and procedures for health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation, with medical based systems in folk and Herbal , ancestral or modern methods. Objective: to design educational software for learning Herbal and Folk Medicine in students of medical sciences. Methods: a research on technological development and innovation was carried out during the 2017-2018 academic year, at Santiago de Cuba Faculty of Medicine School1. Theoretical methods were used: historical-logical, analysis-synthesis and systemic-structural; empirical ones data collection, product evaluation by specialists and users and descriptive statistics. Results: the documentary analysis facilitated the selection of the contents according to the objectives set for the preparation of the software; four stages were taken into account in its design, Crheasoft version 3.0 was selected for its creation and Adobe Photoshop 10 was used to edit the images. In its structure it contains list of contents, media library, complementary exercises and glossary. Conclusions: it was evaluated as adequate by specialists and good by users according to the technical, psycho pedagogical and communicational aspects, which demonstrates its quality and relevance also demonstrated in the effectiveness of learning achieved with its application.

Uso de la medicina no convencional por pacientes diabéticos / Use of non-conventional medicine for patients with diabetes

RESUMEN Fundamento: el interés en las terapias alternativas utilizadas por las personas con diferentes enfermedades ha crecido de manera considerable en los últimos tiempos. Se estima que un gran porcentaje de las personas en regiones menos desarrolladas emplean la medicina tradicional con plantas para el cuidado de la salud. Objetivo: determinar el uso de medicina no convencional en pacientes diabéticos. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, dirigido a pacientes que pertenecen al club de diabéticos del Centro Clínico Quirúrgico Hospital del Día Santo Domingo, Ecuador, desde el 5 de junio hasta el 31 de julio de 2018. La población universo estuvo compuesta de 1 300 personas. De acuerdo a los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se obtuvo una muestra de 100 personas a las cuales se les aplicó la encuesta como instrumento de investigación. Resultados: se identificó que el sexo femenino fue el que más predominó. De esta población la mayor parte utiliza la medicina no convencional por costumbres familiares. La fitoterapia fue la más conocida y más empleada por los pacientes diabéticos. Las plantas medicinales de mayor uso fueron: Insulina (Costus igneus) y la Zarzgoza (Glycyrrhiza glabra). Conclusiones: se constató que la población diabética hace uso de la medicina no convencional para el tratamiento de su enfermedad, la misma en pocas ocasiones es recomendada por el médico, aunque no se notificaron efectos adversos algunos, la fitoterapia y la acupuntura son las más utilizadas.

ABSTRACT Background: in recent years, the use of alternative medicine as a treatment for different diseases has increased. It is considered that a great percentage of people belonging to less developed communities use alternative medicine for health care. Objective: to determine the use of non-conventional treatment in diabetic patients. Methods: an observational, cross-sectional study was used to a group of patients belonging to a diabetic club at Centro Clínico Quirúrgico Hospital del Día Santo Domingo from June 5th to July 31st, 2018. The population was composed of 1300 persons. Survey was used as research instrument and was applied to the sample of 100 persons. Results: there was predominance of the female gender. The majority used non-conventional medication for family practices. Phytotherapy was identified as the most employed and known alternative therapy used by diabetic patients. The medicinal plants used primarily was Insulina (Costus igneus) and Zarzgoza (Glycyrrhizaglabra). Conclusions: it was found that the diabetic population used non-conventional medicine for the treatment of illness and in some occasions, it was recommended by the physician although no adverse effects were reported. Phytotherapy and acupuncture were the most used procedures.